Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 5 de 5
Filtrar
Adicionar filtros








Intervalo de ano
1.
Acta biol. colomb ; 24(2): 224-231, May-ago. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1010852

RESUMO

RESUMEN Se analiza el origen y evolución del término gremio, así como su aplicación en ecología, considerando las múltiples connotaciones que se le ha dado y la confusión que se ha generado por utilizarlo de forma indebida. De igual forma, se discute la importancia de homogenizar los términos y definir de manera clara a los gremios, a fin de tener un leguaje que permita entender los alcances del término sin ambigüedades. El uso del término, así como su persistencia en estudios ecológicos, sugiere que el mismo tiene relevancia considerable dependiendo de la forma y el modo en que es empleado. El uso inadecuado o derivado de este término es arriesgado y peligroso, dado que tiende a reducir el término a una palabra vacía con múltiples significados. Más que nada, esta trivialización constituye una amenaza al uso y significado adecuado del concepto de gremio en ecología.


ABSTRACT The origin and evolution of the term guild are analyzed, as well as its application in ecology, considering the multiple connotations that have been given and the confusion that has been generated by using it improperly. Likewise, the importance of homogenizing the terms and clearly defining the guilds is discussed, to have a language that allows understanding the scope of the term without ambiguities. The use of the term, as well as its persistence in ecological studies, suggests that it has considerable relevance depending on the form and the way it is used. The inappropriate or derivative use of this term is risky and dangerous since it tends to reduce the term to an empty word with multiple meanings. Also, this trivialization constitutes a threat to the proper use of the guild concept in ecology and its meaning as a whole.

2.
Rev. biol. trop ; 64(2): 571-585, abr.-jun. 2016. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-843299

RESUMO

AbstractAnts have been considered useful for bioindication because of their ecological characteristics. Nonetheless, among the characteristics of a bioindicator group, there must be a consistent and replicable response to disturbance. In this sense, divergent reactions have been found, even between taxons narrowly related. The objective of this work was to compare the diversity of the ant communities in three different temperate forests with different levels of disturbance, and to correlate their abundance and diversity of species, with that found in other arthropod communities of the same forests. The work was carried out in three municipalities in the North of the State of Mexico, where three types of different forests were identified by their degree of disturbance. These types include: 1) primary forest (PF), with typical species of a conserved forest; 2) mixed forest (MF), with species of a conserved forest and a reforestation effort; and 3) reforested forest (RF), with species used in reforestation efforts and indicative of disturbance. In each sample, an area of 2 500 m2 was selected. Each area had 16 pitfalls apiece and they were placed 10 m away from each other. Samples were collected twice; one from February through March 2009 (dry season) and another from August through September 2010 (rainy season), which produced a total of 192 traps. Obtained specimens were identified at the most taxonomically specific level. All data captured was transformed to √n + 0.5 and diversity index levels of Shannon and Simpson were calculated, as well as richness of species for ants, beetles, grasshoppers, true bugs, and spiders. The values of richness, diversity, and abundance were correlated with the Pearson coefficient, and to evaluate possible causal relationships between these, a path analysis was performed. Results suggested an important influence of the site over ant communities, and values of richness, abundance and diversity were correlated with the communities of spiders, beetles, grasshoppers and true bugs, but not for all the sites studied. Responses to environmental changes are not only on the numeric proportions of abundance, richness and diversity, but also in the indirect and casual ecological interactions. Finally, the data seems to indicate that the responses of the ants to the environmental changes are not necessarily reflected on other organisms’ communities, so the ants’ role as bioindicators can be limited. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (2): 571-585. Epub 2016 June 01.


ResumenPor sus características ecológicas las hormigas se han considerado útiles para la bioindicación. Sin embargo, entre los rasgos de un grupo bioindicador, debe haber una respuesta consistente y repetible a la perturbación. En este sentido, se han encontrado respuestas divergentes, incluso entre taxones estrechamente relacionados. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar la diversidad de las comunidades de hormigas en tres tipos de bosque templado con diferente nivel de perturbación y correlacionar su abundancia, riqueza de especies y la diversidad con aquella que se encuentra en otras comunidades de artrópodos en los mismos bosques. El trabajo se realizó en tres localidades del norte del Estado de México donde fueron identificados tres tipos de bosque diferenciados por grado de disturbio: 1) bosque primario (PF), con especies típicas de un bosque conservado; 2) bosque mixto (MF) con especies de bosque conservado y propias de reforestación y 3) bosque reforestado (RF) con especies utilizadas en reforestación e indicadoras de pertubación. En cada tipo de bosque se seleccionó un área de 2 500 m2 donde fueron colocadas 16 trampas de caída con una separación de 10 m. Fueron realizadas dos recolectas una de febrero a marzo 2009 (estación seca) y otra de agosto a septiembre 2010 (estación lluviosa), lo que dio un total de 192 trampas. Los especímenes obtenidos fueron identificados al nivel taxonómico más específico posible. Todos los datos de las capturas fueron transformados a √n+0.5 y fueron calculados los índices de diversidad de Shannon y Simpson y riqueza de especies tanto para hormigas como para escarabajos, chapulines, chiches y arañas. Los valores de riqueza, diversidad y abundancia fueron correlacionados con el coeficiente de Pearson y para evaluar posibles relaciones causales entre estos se realizó un análisis de sendero. Los resultados sugieren una influencia importante del sitio sobre las comunidades de hormigas y sus valores de riqueza, abundancia y diversidad están correlacionadas con las comunidades de arañas, escarabajos, chapulines y chinches, pero no para todos los sitios estudiados. Las respuestas a los cambios ambientales no sólo están en las proporciones numéricas de la abundancia, riqueza y diversidad sino también en las interacciones ecológicas indirectas y causales. Los resultados sugieren que las respuestas de las hormigas a los cambios ambientales no necesariamente se reflejan sobre comunidades de otros organismos por lo que su papel como bioindicadores puede ser limitado.


Assuntos
Animais , Formigas/classificação , Biodiversidade , Espécies Sentinelas/classificação , Formigas/fisiologia , Temperatura , Florestas , Espécies Sentinelas/fisiologia , México
3.
Rev. biol. trop ; 59(1): 315-327, mar. 2011. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-638068

RESUMO

Distribution and diversity of springtails (Hexapoda: Collembola) on the altitudinal gradient of a temperate forest in Mexico. Mountain ecosystems have shown slow mineralization activity due to weather conditions, and to some groups with arthropods with special roles. The Collembola is an important group for litter fragmentation, showing different distribution patterns. The objective of the present study was to determine the diversity of Collembola along a volcano altitudinal gradient. For this, four sampling expeditions evaluated four altitudinal levels (I=2 753, II=3 015, III=3 250 and IV=3 687 masl) in Iztaccihuatl Volcano, from November 2003, and March, June and August 2004. Shannon diversity (H’), Pielou evenness (J’) and Simpson dominance (1/λ) indices were calculated. The similarity between the associations of springtails between the sampling sites was evaluated by a cluster analysis using the Pearson correlation coefficient, as distance and the unpaired arithmetic averages (UPGMA) as amalgamation method. A total of 24 075 springtails, distributed in 12 families, 46 genera and 86 species was collected. The higher species abundance was found at the altitudinal area II. The lowest diversity value was recorded in IV, while the higher diversity values were found in III. Significant differences between Shannon indices were found between zones II-III (t0.01, 187=4.11, p<0.05) and between III-IV (t0.01, 187=3.8, p<0.05) according to modified t-test. When considering sampling dates, no significant differences were found. The dendrogram showed that in composition the level I is more homogeneous throughout the year. In conclusion, a statistically significant seasonal variation in springtail abundances was not found, but it was observed that, the lower altitude (I) resulted more homogeneous along the studied period, followed by level II and III. There is a particular assemblage of springtails community in each altitudinal area studied; in general, the sites with low slope resulted more diverse in Collembola communities. These results show that there are important factors such as altitude, vegetation type and microhabitat heterogeneity that may affect the distribution of springtails communities along an altitudinal gradient. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (1): 315-327. Epub 2011 March 01.


Los colémbolos son fragmentadores importantes de la hojarasca, presentan diferentes patrones de distribución a lo largo de un gradiente altitudinal. El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar la diversidad y distribución de Collembola en el volcán Iztaccíhuatl. Para ello, se realizaron cuatro muestreos, a lo largo de un año en cuatro pisos altitudinales (I=2 753, II=3 015, III=3 250 y IV=3 687m.s.n.m.) y se calcularon los índices de diversidad de Shannon, equitatividad de Pielou y dominancia de Simpson, para compararlos mediante una prueba de t modificada. Los resultados muestran al piso III como el más diverso, y la mayor equitatividad se encuentra en el II. Además, se hallaron diferencias significativas entre los pisos II-III (t0.01, 187=4.11, p<0.05) y entre III-IV (t0.01, 187=3.8, p<0.05). Para las fechas de recolección no obtuvimos diferencias significativas (t0.01, 187=2.71, p<0.05). Al final encontramos que la temporalidad no incrementa la diversidad (estadísticamente), por consiguiente, condiciones como la altitud, vegetación y heterogeneidad geográfica crean microambientes, para protegerse de inclemencias ambientales. El piso I es el más homogéneo, seguida por el II y el III, además hallamos que los sitios más diversos son aquellos de pendientes menos pronunciadas.


Assuntos
Animais , Artrópodes/classificação , Biodiversidade , Árvores , Altitude , México , Densidade Demográfica , Dinâmica Populacional , Estações do Ano
4.
Rev. biol. trop ; 56(2): 739-748, jun. 2008. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-637672

RESUMO

Structure of the Collembolan community (Hexapoda: Collembola) in bark mosses along an altitudinal gradient of a subhumid forest in Mexico. The structure of the community of moss springtails on oak and fir bark in the forests at the NW slope of iztaccíhuatl Volcano, State of Mexico, is analyzed. The study included four samplings (November 2003, March-June-August 2004), carried out in three altitudes I: 2 750 m, II: 2 930 and 3 250 m a.s.l. Calculated indexes were: species richness (S), Shannon’s diversity index (H’), Pielou’s evenness index (J’) and Simpson dominance (). An ANOVA of two way test was used to evaluate the effect of altitude and sampling date on the total density of the springtails. The total number of species was 24 (altitude I=17, altitude II=14, altitude III=13). The greatest density was at altitude III and the highest species richness at altitude I. Americabrya arida and Willowsia mexicana were dominant. There is a positive significant effect of altitude on their density. The highest Sörensen similarity between communities was 59 % ( altitudes II and III). Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (2): 739-748. Epub 2008 June 30.


Se presentan datos sobre la estructura de la comunidad de colémbolos en musgos corticícolas, de un bosque de encino y abetos en la vertiente NW del Volcán Iztaccíhuatl, Estado de México, México. El estudio comprendió cuatro muestreos (noviembre de 2003, marzo, junio y agosto de 2004), realizados en tres altitudes I: 2 750 m; II: 2 930 m y III: 3 350 m snm. En cada altitud, se calculó la riqueza de especies (S), los índices de diversidad de Shannon (H’), Equitatividad de Pielou (J’) y, dominancia de Simpson (). Se utilizó un análisis de varianza de dos vías (ANOVA) para evaluar el efecto de la altitud y fecha de muestreo, sobre la densidad total de los colémbolos. El número total de especies fue de 24, variando de 13 para la altitud mayor a 17 en la menor. La mayor densidad se encontró a mayor altitud. Americabrya arida y Willowsia mexicana fueron las especies dominantes, y se encontró un efecto positivo significativo de la altitud sobre sus densidades. La mayor similitud entre comunidades de acuerdo con el índice de Sörensen se presentó entre las altitudes II y III, con un 59%.


Assuntos
Animais , Altitude , Artrópodes/classificação , Biodiversidade , Árvores , México , Densidade Demográfica , Clima Tropical
5.
Rev. biol. trop ; 55(3/4): 911-930, Sep.-Dec. 2007. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-637637

RESUMO

Community structure of edaphic cunaxids (Acarina) from a lowland dry forest in Chamela, México. The structure community of cunaxids mites was studied at a tropical dry forest in the Chamela Biological Station, Jalisco, Mexico. Monthly samples of litter and soil were taken during one year (July 1991-May 1992), in two small watersheds. A total of 43 species was recorded. We studied their abundance, species frequency (F), rareness and relative abundance (Ar), density (ind m-2), species richness (S), Shannon’s diversity index (H’), and Pielou’s evenness index (J’). The species richness was similar in litter and soil (38 species), but species composition was different. The higher density was found in soil, with 5 074 ind m-2; litter density was 2 199 ind m-2. The subfamilies with the highest density in both biotopes were Coleoscirinae (H=1 127 ind m-2; S=2 235 ind m-2) and Cunaxiinae (H=887 ind m-2; S = 1 936 ind m-2). The genus Pulaeus had the most species, and all were new to science. Mean and variance indicate an aggregate distribution for these cunaxids. By permanency and relative abundance, the dominant species were: Cunaxa potchensis, Coleoscirus simplex, Armascirus harrisoni, Cunaxoides sp. nov. 1, Cunaxoides sp. nov. 2, Pulaeus sp. nov. 15 and Pulaeus sp. nov. 16. An significant effect of the month and the biotope were recorded on the diversity and composition of cunaxid communities. Most of the species presented a significant effect of the month (24 spp.) and biotope (23 spp.), and five species only had a significant effect of the watersheds. The highest similarity was in litter (75 %) and soil (74 %). The highest temporal variation in density, diversity and species richness was from April through June in litter, and from September through November in soil. The evenness was constant in both biotopes. in the dry period the soil presented higher values of density, while in the litter it was in the rainy season. The species with high soil density (February-June: dry season) in both watersheds, were: C. simple, C. potchensis, Cunaxa sp. nov. 1, Cunaxa sp. nov. 2, C. veracruzana, Dactyloscirus sp. nov. 2, A. harrisoni, Cunaxoides sp. nov. 1, Cunaxoides sp. nov. 2, P. pectinatus, Pulaeus sp. nov. 14, Pulaeus sp. nov. 15 and Pulaeus sp. nov. 16. They were the most representative species in the soil and litter of Chamela communities. The most abundant dry season species were C. potchensis in the soil and A. harrisoni in the litter. Rev. Biol. Trop. 55 (3-4): 911-930. Epub 2007 December, 28.


Se estudió la variación espacial y temporal de la estructura de la comunidad de los cunáxidos edáficos de una selva baja caducifolia en Chamela, Jalisco, México. Se tomaron muestras mensuales de suelo y hojarasca durante un año (Julio 1991-Junio 1992) en dos cuencas. Registramos 43 especies, para las cuales se proporciona su abundancia, frecuencia, abundancia relativa, riqueza, densidad, diversidad, equitatividad y rareza. El número de especies fue similar en el suelo y la hojarasca, pero ambos biotopos difirieron en su composición. La mayor densidad se encontró en el suelo con 5 074 ind m-2. Pulaeus fue el género que presentó la mayor riqueza. De acuerdo a la permanencia y abundancia relativa, las especies dominantes, tanto en el suelo y como en la hojarasca, fueron: Colescirus simples, Cunaxa potchensis, Armascirus harrisoni y Pulaeus sp. nov. 16. El suelo presentó una mayor dominancia y densidad, siendo C. potchensis, C. simplex, A. harrisoni Cunaxoides sp. nov. 1 y Pulaeus sp. nov. 16 las especies más abundantes. En la hojarasca se registró una mayor variación temporal en cuanto a densidad, diversidad y riqueza entre abril a junio, y en el suelo de septiembre a noviembre.


Assuntos
Animais , Biodiversidade , Ácaros/classificação , Árvores , México , Densidade Demográfica , Estações do Ano
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA